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Limit pg_upgrade authentication advice to always-secure techniques.
~/.pgpass is a sound choice everywhere, and "peer" authentication is safe on every platform it supports. Cease to recommend "trust" authentication, the safety of which is deeply configuration-specific. Back-patch to 9.0, where pg_upgrade was introduced.
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doc/src/sgml/pgupgrade.sgml

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@@ -235,11 +235,10 @@ gmake prefix=/usr/local/pgsql.new install
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<title>Adjust authentication</title>
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<para>
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<command>pg_upgrade</> will connect to the old and new servers several times,
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so you might want to set authentication to <literal>trust</> in
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<filename>pg_hba.conf</>, or if using <literal>md5</> authentication,
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use a <filename>~/.pgpass</> file (see <xref linkend="libpq-pgpass">)
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to avoid being prompted repeatedly for a password.
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<command>pg_upgrade</> will connect to the old and new servers several
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times, so you might want to set <literal>local</> Unix-domain socket
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authentication to <literal>ident</> in <filename>pg_hba.conf</> or use
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a <filename>~/.pgpass</> file (see <xref linkend="libpq-pgpass">).
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</para>
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</step>
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@@ -338,8 +337,7 @@ pg_upgrade.exe
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<title>Restore <filename>pg_hba.conf</></title>
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<para>
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If you modified <filename>pg_hba.conf</> to use <literal>trust</>,
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restore its original authentication settings.
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If you modified <filename>pg_hba.conf</>, restore its original settings.
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</para>
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</step>
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